Relationship between optical coherence tomography findings and clinical variables in patients with opiate use disorder / Relação entre os achados da tomografia de coerência óptica e as variáveis clínicas em pacientes com transtorno por uso de opiáceos

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aimed to examine optical coherence tomography findings in patients with opiate use disorder by comparing them with healthy controls. Methods: The study included 30 opiate use disorder patients and 30 controls. The participants' detailed biomicroscopic examinations, visual acuity, intraocular pressure, and both eye examinations were evaluated. A total of 120 eyes were evaluated using optical coherence tomography, measuring the central macular thickness, mean macular thickness, mean macular volume and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness. Moreover, all participants filled in the demographic data form and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale. Results: Upon examination of the optical coherence tomography findings, central macular thickness, mean macular thickness, and mean macular volume were thinner in both eyes in patients with opiate use disorder (p<0.01 in all measurements in both eyes). Similarly, the total values of the superior quadrant and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness were statistically significant in both eyes compared to that in the control group (p=0.007, p=0.002; p=0.049, p=0.007, in the right and left eyes, respectively). Only the left eye was positively correlated with retinal nerve fiber layer superior quadrant measurement and hospitalization (r=0.380, p=0.039). Conclusion: Our results revealed that the patients' central macular thickness, mean macular thickness, and mean macular volume values were thinner. Increase in the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness superior quadrant thickness and total value was also observed. Further studies with larger sampling groups that evaluate neuroimaging findings should be conducted.

RESUMO Objetivo: O objetivo foi investigar foi, os achados da tomografia de coerência óptica em pacientes com transtorno do uso de opiáceos, comparando-os com controles saudáveis. Métodos: O estudo incluiu 30 pacientes com transtorno do uso de opiáceos e 30 controles. Os exames biomicroscópicos detalhados de todos os participantes, acuidade visual, pressão intraocular e ambos os exames oculares foram avaliados com tomografia de coerência óptica. Um total de 120 olhos foram avaliados usando tomografia de coerência óptica, e a espessura macular central, espessura macular média, volume macular médio e a espessura da camada de fibra nervosa da retina dos participantes foram medidos. Além disso, todos os participantes preencheram o Formulário de Dados Demográficos e a Escala de Impulsividade Barratt (BIS-11). Resultados: Quando os achados de tomografia de coerência óptica foram examinados, espessura macular central, espessura macular média e volume macular médio eram mais finos de acordo com controles saudáveis em ambos os olhos em pacientes com transtorno do uso de opiáceos (p<0,01 em todas as medições em ambos os olhos). Da mesma forma, os valores totais do quadrante superior e espessura da camada de fibra nervosa da retina estavam mais em níveis estatisticamente significativos em ambos os olhos em comparação com o grupo controle (p=0,007, p=0,002; p=0,049, p=0,007, no olho direito e esquerdo, respectivamente). Estar internado em hospital e apenas a medida do quadrante superior da espessura da camada de fibra nervosa da retina do olho esquerdo associou-se positivamente (r=0,380, p=0,039). Conclusão: Em nossos resultados, descobrimos que os valores de espessura macular central, espessura macular média e volume macular médio dos pacientes eram mais finos. Verificamos também espessamento no quadrante superior e valor total da espessura da camada de fibra nervosa da retina. Nosso estudo deve ser apoiado por novos estudos com grupos de amostragem maiores, nos quais os achados de neuroimagem são avaliados.

Relationship between optical coherence tomography findings and clinical variables in patients with opiate use disorder.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to examine optical coherence tomography findings in patients with opiate use disorder by comparing them with healthy controls. METHODS: The study included 30 opiate use disorder patients and 30 controls. The participants' detailed biomicroscopic examinations, visual acuity, intraocular pressure, and both eye examinations were evaluated. A total of 120 eyes were evaluated using optical coherence tomography, measuring the central macular thickness, mean macular thickness, mean macular volume and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness. Moreover, all participants filled in the demographic data form and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale. RESULTS: Upon examination of the optical coherence tomography findings, central macular thickness, mean macular thickness, and mean macular volume were thinner in both eyes in patients with opiate use disorder (p<0.01 in all measurements in both eyes). Similarly, the total values of the superior quadrant and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness were statistically significant in both eyes compared to that in the control group (p=0.007, p=0.002; p=0.049, p=0.007, in the right and left eyes, respectively). Only the left eye was positively correlated with retinal nerve fiber layer superior quadrant measurement and hospitalization (r=0.380, p=0.039). CONCLUSION: Our results revealed that the patients' central macular thickness, mean macular thickness, and mean macular volume values were thinner. Increase in the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness superior quadrant thickness and total value was also observed. Further studies with larger sampling groups that evaluate neuroimaging findings should be conducted.

Stigmas and childhood traumas associated with psychological help-seeking in suicide attempted individuals.

PURPOSE: The aim was to investigate the possible associations of suicide attempt with childhood trauma, social support, psychological support seeking, stigmatizations. The study was case-control study and included 100 participants (50 suicide, 50 controls). CONCLUSION: BDI, BAI scores were higher in the patient (p < 0.001). While scores of all-subscales of Childhood-Trauma-Questionnaire were higher (p < 0.05) in the patients, scores of Perceived-Social-Support were lower (p < 0.001). Repeating suicide attempts has higher Stigma-Scale-for-Receiving-Psychological-Help scores than the patients who attempted to the first time (p = 0.045). PRACTICE IMPLICATION: Suicide is relationship with more childhood traumas, less social support. Repeating suicide attempts, individuals felt public stigma for receiving psychological help.

Optical Coherence Tomography findings in patients with Multiple Substance Use Disorder.

OBJECTIVE: Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is a relatively new diagnosis method displaying biological tissue layers by with high-resolution sections. In the present study, the purpose was to examine the OCT findings of patients with Multiple Substance Use Disorder (MSUD) by comparing these findings with healthy controls. METHODS: The study included 30 MSUD and 30 controls. Detailed biomicroscopic examinations were carried out for all participants, and intraocular pressure, followed by OCT. The central macular thickness (CMT), mean macular thickness (MMT), mean macular volume (MMV), and retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (RNFL) were measured by using OCT. RESULTS: It was determined that the MMT and CMT were thinned in both eyes compared to the healthy controls. The MMV was decreased in both eyes in patients with substance use disorders compared to healthy controls. The RNFL and total thickness were thickened in temporal and inferior parts in patients with MSUD in both eyes compared to healthy. In the superior quadrant, thickening was detected only in the left eye. CONCLUSIONS: Based on our results obtained here, it was concluded that vision-related findings should be carefully questioned and evaluated when treatment is planned for patients with substance use.

Effect of AUTS2 gene rs6943555 variant in male patients with schizophrenia in a Turkish population.

Schizophreniais a severe brain disease seen all over the world. There are studies showing that activator of transcription and developmental regulator AUTS2 (AUTS2) gene is involved in the predisposition to schizophrenia. In this study, we aimed to analyze the correlation between rs6943555 variant of AUTS2 gene and schizophrenia in a Turkish population. This study include 100 schizophrenia patients and 152 unrelated healthy controls. The AUTS2 genotypes were determined by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) tests. Chi-square and Anova tests were used for statistical analyses. According to results, although the A allele frequency was higher in schizophrenia patients, we didn't detect statistically significant correlation between schizophrenia and the AUTS2 gene rs6943555 variant (p = 0.057). However after adjusting for gender, significant effects of genotype and allele were detected among males (p = 0.039 and p = 0.049, respectively). Also we observed a statistically significant correlation between HDL cholesterol values of patients and genotypes of rs6943555 variant (p = 0.016). As a result, rs6943555 variant of AUTS2 gene might affect the predisposition to schizophrenia especially in male patients.